Task 1. Decide which devices of cohesion from the list are used in the underlined parts of the following sentences. (10 points)
1. There were two stewardesses, at the moment, in the tourist cabin. Now a third stewardess appeared from the first class compartment forward, and the three of them were holding a hurried conversation.
2. His head high up, Jack marched out of the room.
3. The shark had attacked him underwater... By some miracle he had managed to reach the surface. By some greater miracle, his son Davy had flown him, unconscious, back to Cairo in the small Auster aeroplane.
4. First I wanted to watch that film but now I don’t really want to.
5. The judges have considered at great length the six novels in the shortlist, and we have reached agreement. Our decision is unanimous.
6. He entered the room and saw Mike and Maria sitting on the sofa. He looked first at one, then at the other.
7. As we know there is often a great difference between the man and the writer. The writer may be bitter, harsh and brutal, while the man may be meek and mild.
8. “Will she pass the exam?” – “I hope so.”
9. Over 40 percent of those on benefits are looking for a job, or claim that they are.
10. He lived according to his principles and he believed everyone else did too.
substitution(5)
ellipsis(2)
nominalization(1)
parallelism(2)
Explanation for answer:
Task 2. Use substitution for the words underlined. (6 points)
1. I like detective books, but I did not enjoy that book. 2. The gallery may be closed tomorrow. If it is closed, we will go on Friday. 3. Tom has finished his project but Mary hasn’t finished her project. 4. The officer told Helen to get out of the car, and she got out of the car. 5. I can’t skateboard and my sister can’t skateboard either. 6. “Are we starting early tomorrow?” – “I hope we aren’t starting early!”
Explanation for answer:
Task 3. Use ellipsis in the following sentences (write down only the words which can be omitted). (6 points)
1. I don’t have a bike now but I used to have one. 2. Harry likes listening to music and he likes playing computer games. 3. I am worried about the exam, but my friends aren’t worried about it. 4. Mary used to make her own clothes, but she doesn’t make her own clothes any more. 5. I have been to Brazil, but Theresa hasn’t been there. 6. Jack said he would bring someone to the party, but he didn’t say who he would bring to the party.
Explanation for answer:
Task 4. Choose the best connector. (10 points)
1. Flights abroad are becoming cheaper, most people are aware of the damage they cause to the environment. 2. The beach is mainly pebbles, but it is fairly clean. 3. Jackson was dismissed from his job, the seriousness of his offence. 4. Huygens’ astronomical observations required an exact means of measuring time, and he was led in 1656 to invent the pendulum clock. 5. Students are often not taught to think effectively. , they can become overwhelmed with information, as they cannot see the wood for the trees. 6. Alcohol drinking is strongly associated with the risk of liver cancer. , there is some evidence suggesting that heavy alcohol consumption is particularly strongly associated with liver cancer among smokers. 7. Patience is not passive; , it is active; it is concentrated strength. 8. This Mary Louisa Smith’s marriage certificate is dated 4 June 1867. , she cannot be the Mary Louisa Smith born in Liverpool on 12 November 1860. 9. Doctors concluded that the patient’s erratic behaviour was probably the mild concussion she suffered in the accident. 10. Red dwarf stars fuse hydrogen and helium, but the fusion is slow because of the low temperature at the core of the star. , these stars give off very little light.
Explanation for answer:
Task 5. Punctuate the following sentences. (8 points)
1. Something he did not know what had to be done at once. (1 point) 2. There was every kind of news in the paper accidents shipwrecks sports and politics. (2 points) 3. Rina was sleeping soundly her dolls on either side of her. (1 point) 4. Her telephone which was on a side table beside Guy’s chair mercifully rang out. Nervously they grinned at each other. (2 points) 5. But you couldn’t tell day after day night after night you lay there wondering and you couldn’t tell. (2 points)