СONFLICTS

Упражнения:

1. Переведите письменно следующие сообщения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные выражения.
2. Прочтите текст резолюции на русском и английском языках и подберите эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям.
3. Глоссарий

1. Переведите письменно следующие сообщения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные выражения.

1. A bipartisan commission of former U.S. senators and other leading foreign policy experts is calling on the American administration to reach out to Russia to improve strained relations. The panel describes bilateral ties as "deeply troubled," and calls on both countries to work together to deal with the global challenges they both face, including a potential nuclear threat from Iran. The panel concluded that both Moscow and Washington are to blame for the deterioration of diplomatic relations during the past year. Russia's war with Georgia and US plans to install an anti-missile defense system in Eastern Europe have been two of the major causes of tensions. Former Senator Hart said a long period of emphasizing differences instead of common goals and interests will take time to repair.

2. The new possible thaw in the U.S.-Cuban standoff indicates that if such a change in course is occurring, it is because the administration may have taken an inventory of how destructive its current regional policy is to authentic U.S. hemispheric issues. Washington has in the past allowed the Miami rightwing exile community to exercise a virtual veto power over U.S.-Cuba relations, granting its front groups access to at least $60 million in public funds, despite the negligible results they have achieved. Breaking that linkage will be necessary if any fundamental shift to a rational policy of advancing well thought-out U.S. national interest is to take place. A recent survey suggests that Latin America may be receptive to a U.S. overture calling for warmer relations, if Washington indicates a genuine change of strategy, a change of tactics, and a change of heart.

3. Kosovo Prime Minister told Serbian weekly NIN on Thursday that he had received informal confirmation that Serbia would one day recognize the independence of its former province. His comments were immediately dismissed by an aide to Serbia's foreign minister. “We are ready to recognize Serbia as a state, so we are one step ahead, but I know that even in Belgrade they know that Kosovo is an independent and sovereign state," the PM said adding that the confirmation came from high ranking officials in power now in Belgrade. Serbia's official stance is that Kosovo is a run-away province and Belgrade will never accept its independence. The region is considered the cradle of Serbian culture and is the seat of the influential Serbian Orthodox Church.

4. Turkey has for the first time threatened to break diplomatic ties with Israel over its raid on a Gaza-bound aid flotilla in May. Turkey's foreign minister said a break could only be averted if Israel either apologised or accepted the outcome of an international inquiry into the raid. The Israeli government said it had nothing to apologise for. Ankara curtailed diplomatic relations with Israel after the naval raid, in which nine Turks were killed. Turkey - which until recently was Israel's most important Muslim ally − withdrew its ambassador and demanded that the Israelis issue an apology, agree to a United Nations inquiry and compensate the victims' families.

5. Israeli Prime Minister’s security cabinet is required—under an agreement reached between the Israeli Foreign Ministry and UNIFIL − to approve a withdrawal from the northern part of the disputed Ghajar border village and hand it over to Lebanon. However, UNIFIL informed Israel that the Lebanese government opposed most provisions of the agreement. In an interview with An-Nahar newspaper published on Thursday, UN Secretary General said that Israel agreed to his recent proposal regarding Tel Aviv’s withdrawal from the disputed Ghajar border territory in South Lebanon.

6. US Secretary of State has pledged continuing American support for Georgia after talks in Tbilisi with Georgian President. US Secretary of State said the US was “ steadfast in its commitment to Georgia's sovereignty and territorial integrity”. She said the US did "not recognise spheres of influence", referring to Russian claims for special influence over former Soviet states like Georgia. Russia and Georgia engaged in military conflict in 2008. Tensions between the neighbours escalated into full-blown conflict in August of that year after Georgia launched a military assault on the Moscow-backed South Ossetia region, which Russia moved in to repel.

7. The US Secretary of State has held talks in both Azerbaijan and Armenia in a bid to end a long-running dispute over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh. Visiting both countries on the same day, she told them that the US was ready to help achieve peace. The two nations have been in dispute about the territory since a 1994 ceasefire ended a three-year war that claimed up to 30,000 lives. The US Secretary of State also urged Turkey to normalise ties with Armenia.

8. Armenia and Azerbaijan have signed a joint agreement aimed at resolving their dispute over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh at talks near Moscow. Azeri President and his Armenian counterpart, agreed to intensify their efforts to find a political settlement. It is the first time in nearly 15 years that such a deal has been reached. Sporadic clashes have continued over Nagorno-Karabakh, despite the signing of a ceasefire agreement in 1994. Before the truce, several years of fighting had left some 30,000 people dead and forced more than one million from their homes. In 2006, an overwhelming majority of Nagorno-Karabakh residents - mostly ethnic Armenians - voted in favour of declaring a sovereign state. The declaration has not been internationally recognised.

9. Arab foreign ministers have given their backing to US plans for indirect talks to take place between the Israelis and Palestinians. US officials say they hope the discussions will start “shortly”. Senior Palestinian official says ministers have agreed to back four month long talks to end the impasse between Israelis and Palestinians over the conditions for resuming peace negotiations. The ministers will meet again in Cairo after that time to assess the progress. The decision is likely to break the months-long deadlock over resuming peace talks. Palestinian President has demanded a full halt to settlement building in the West Bank and East Jerusalem before discussions are fully resumed. Israel has rejected this, imposing a temporary freeze on some expansion.

10. Pro-Taliban fighters have declared an indefinite ceasefire in Pakistan’s restive Swat valley after a deal was struck to enforce Sharia law there. It consolidates a temporary truce they had announced following last week’s controversial deal between radical clerics and authorities. The army says it has ceased operations against militants in Swat, which was until 2007 one of Pakistan’s prime tourist destinations. Fighting flared late that year after hundreds of insurgents infiltrated from Afghan border enclaves. While peace is welcome news for local people, the decision to give in to the Islamists’ demand for Sharia law is likely to cause concern among Pakistan’s Western allies.

2. Прочтите текст резолюции на русском и английском языках и подберите эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям:

Безопасные границы; unimpeded provision of assistance; соответствующие резолюции; hostilities directed against civilians; обострение ситуации; as envisaged by the UN SC resolution; активизировать усилия; to constitute an integral part of the territory; усугубление гуманитарного кризиса; fully respected ceasefire; благополучие мирных жителей; a durable ceasefire; неотложный характер чего-либо; crossing points; выразить глубокую озабоченность; urgent efforts; огромные жертвы среди мирного населения; mediation efforts; долгосрочное решение конфликта; sustained delivery of humanitarian aid; достичь всеобъемлющего мира; to alleviate the humanitarian situation; предпринимаемые в настоящее время международные усилия; to live side by side in peace; предотвратить незаконную торговлю оружием и боеприпасами.

Резолюция 1860 (2009), принятая Советом Безопасности на его 6063-м заседании

Глоссарий по теме “Conflicts”.

1. a cache of weapons – тайный склад с оружием;

2. a cross-border raid – приграничное столкновение;

3. a durable ceasefire – долгосрочное прекращение огня;

4. a lasting solution to the conflict – долгосрочное решение конфликта;

5. a long-running dispute – давний конфликт;

6. a long-standing truce – прочный мир;

7. a patron/backer – союзник, покровитель;

8. a peace envoy – посланник мира;

9. a political settlement – политическое урегулирование;

10. a spokesman for the government – пресс-секретарь правительства;

11. a staging ground for proxy wars – поле для ведения опосредованных войн;

12. a temporary truce – временное перемирие;

13. a thaw in the standoff – ослабление противостояния;

14. a UN-facilitated reconciliation agreement – мирное соглашение, подписанное при посредничестве ООН;

15. a weapons depot – склад с оружием;

16. an agreement aimed at smth – соглашение, направленное, нацеленное на что-либо;

17. an ally – союзник;

18. an outbreak of hostilities – вспышка насилия;

19. an overwhelming majority – подавляющее большинство;

20. as envisaged in SC resolution – как предусмотрено в резолюции СБ ООН;

21. bellicose threats from both sides – угрозы, раздающиеся с обеих сторон начать войну;

22. bilateral ties – двусторонние отношения;

23. breakaway/runaway regions – сепаратистки настроенные регионы;

24. British Foreign Secretary – министр иностранных дел Великобритании;

25. crossing points – контрольно-пропускные пункты;

26. deepening of the humanitarian crisis – усугубление гуманитарного кризиса;

27. deterioration of diplomatic relations – ухудшение двусторонних отношений;

28. deterioration of the situation – обострение ситуации;

29. disputed territories – спорные территории;

30. ethnic cleansing – этническая чистка;

31. exiled opposition – оппозиция в изгнании;

32. fully-respected ceasefire – соблюдаемое всеми сторонами прекращение огня;

33. heavy civilian casualties – огромные жертвы среди мирных жителей;

34. high-ranking officials – высокопоставленные чиновники;

35. hostilities directed against civilians – акты жестокости, направленные против мирных жителей;

36. in a bid to do smth – в попытке что-либо сделать;

37. insurgents – повстанцы;

38. international efforts currently underway – предпринимаемые в настоящее время международные усилия;

39. mediation efforts – посреднические усилия;

40. mediators – посредники;

41. militant groups/militia – вооруженные группировки;

42. mortars – минометы;

43. nuclear facilities – ядерные объекты;

44. ongoing efforts – продолжающиеся, предпринимаемые усилия;

45. political bickering – политические распри;

46. pressing concerns – острые проблемы;

47. raging conflicts – бушующие конфликты;

48. relevant resolutions – соответствующие резолюции;

49. retaliation – возмездие;

50. secure borders – безопасные границы;

51. smb’s stance on smth – чья-либо позиция по какому-либо вопросу;

52. storage sites – места хранения/складские объекты;

53. sustained delivery of humanitarian aid – стабильная доставка гуманитарной помощи;

54. the major cause of tensions – основная причина напряжения;

55. the urgency of smth – неотложный характер чего-либо;

56. timely resolution – своевременное решение;

57. to abate (about tensions, conflicts) – стихать;

58. to achieve a comprehensive peace – достичь всеобъемлющего мира;

59. to achieve negligible results – достичь незначительных результатов;

60. to achieve peace – достичь мира;

61. to address challenges – реагировать на вызовы/принять вызовы;

62. to address the root causes – бороться с первопричиной;

63. to alleviate the humanitarian situation – смягчить гуманитарное положение;

64. to avert a break – предотвратить разрыв;

65. to be engaged in a military conflict – участвовать в вооруженном конфликте;

66. to blast smb/smth – взорвать что-либо;

67. to break diplomatic ties – разорвать дипломатические отношения;

68. to break down (talks) – провалиться (о переговорах);

69. to call on smb to do smth /to urge smb to do smth – призвать кого-либо что-либо сделать;

70. to constitute an integral part of the territory – являться неотъемлемой частью территории;

71. to curtail diplomatic relations – ограничить дипломатические отношения;

72. to declare a sovereign state – провозгласить независимое государство;

73. to declare an indefinite ceasefire – объявить прекращение огня на неопределенный срок;

74. to denounce violence – осудить насилие;

75. to disarm militias – разоружить боевиков;

76. to end the differences – прекратить разногласия;

77. to end the impasse/to break the deadlock – найти выход из кризиса;

78. to erupt (about tensions, conflicts) – вспыхивать;

79. to escalate into a full-blown conflict – перерасти в вооруженный конфликт;

80. to establish a durable peace – установить прочный мир;

81. to exercise a veto power – воспользоваться правом вето;

82. to express grave concern – выразить глубокую озабоченность;

83. to flatly reject demands – напрочь отвергнуть требования;

84. to force/displace people from their homes (about a war/conflict) – вынудить людей покинуть свои дома;

85. to give in to demands – уступить требованиям;

86. to give one’s backing to smb/smth – поддержать кого-либо/что-либо;

87. to hand over a territory to smb – передать территорию;

88. to hold talks – провести переговоры;

89. to impose a temporary freeze on smth – временно заморозить что-либо;

90. to improve strained relations – улучшить натянутые отношения;

91. to incite a war/ to instigate a war – подстрекать к войне;

92. to install an anti-missile defense system – разместить систему ПРО;

93. to intensify efforts – активизировать усилия;

94. to intercept a ship – перехватить корабль;

95. to keep smb at bay – сдерживать кого-либо;

96. to kill/claim the lives/leave …people dead (about a war) – жертвами войны стали…;

97. to launch a military assault – начать военное наступление;

98. to leverage one’s influence – воспользоваться своим влиянием;

99. to live side by side in peace – жить бок о бок в мире друг с другом;

100. to oppose smth – выступать против чего-либо;

101. to pelt smb with rocks – забросать кого-либо камнями;

102. to perpetuate polarization – «консервировать» поляризацию;

103. to pledge continuing/steadfast support for smth – пообещать неизменную/прочную поддержку;

104. to prevent illicit trafficking in arms and ammunition – предотвратить незаконную торговлю оружием и боеприпасами;

105. to pull back troops – вывести войска;

106. to push for a peace settlement – активно продвигаться к заключению мира;

107. to reach a deal/to strike a deal – заключить соглашение;

108. to reach out to smb – сделать шаг навстречу кому-либо;

109. to repel an assault – отразить атаку, нападение;

110. to resolve a dispute over smth – разрешить спор, касающийся чего-либо;

111. to revive/resume/ to unlock the stalled peace process – возобновить зашедший в тупик мирный процесс;

112. to rocket fire into – наносить ракетные обстрелы по…;

113. to seize a territory – захватить территорию;

114. to spiral out of control – выйти из-под контроля;

115. to squabble – конфликтовать, враждовать;

116. to strike a peace deal – заключить мирное соглашение;

117. to thwart attempts – предотвратить попытки;

118. to walk out of peace talks – выйти из мирных переговоров;

119. to withdraw the ambassador – отозвать посла;

120. unimpeded provision of assistance – беспрепятственная доставка помощи;

121. urgent efforts – неотложные усилия;

122. violent clashes – кровопролитные столкновения;

123. warring parties – враждующие стороны;

124. weapons buildup – наращивание вооружений;

125. well-being of civilians – благополучие мирных жителей.