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PART II. Train Your Competence

SAMPLE TEST
(45 points)

Task 1. Identify the structural type of the subject as simple, phrasal, complex or clausal. (6 points)


1. Modern cars use unleaded petrol in order to minimize harm to the environment.




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2. In many countries, tattoos are in fashion.




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3. To live alone is rather hard for some people.




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4. His staring at me so openly was very embarrassing.




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5. What many people lack is confidence in their abilities.




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6. Failing to plan is planning to fail.




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Task 2. Identify the type of the subject “it” as 1) notional or formal; 2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic. (22 points)


1. It is better to give than to receive.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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2. It’s Jack calling.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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3. It’s the empty can that makes the most noise.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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4. Is it snowing at the moment?
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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5. The play was skillfully written – it was destined to become a classic.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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6. It is too early for lunch now.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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7. It is impossible for us to sign this document.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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8. It was not until after midnight that the phone call came.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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9. It is about time we all got moving.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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10. It is so difficult to make a good film.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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11. It was there and then that Jim saw how futile his efforts had been.
1) notional or formal;

2) personal, demonstrative, impersonal, introductory or emphatic.





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Task 3. Use it or there. (12 points)


1. is no use crying over spilt milk.
2. Darling, is nothing to complain about!
3. was no point in running after her.
4. is about 5 miles from here to the resort.
5. was in India that Sheila was hoping to start a new life.
6. is no time for another bed-time story. Too late, kids!
7. is time to start thinking about your future.
8. comes a time when you have to take a side.
9. is no accident that the two men had the same first names.
10. is fun for me to be with you on this trip.
11. is little probability of financial assistance being provided this year.
12. is rugby that William plays at the end of the week.

Explanation for 1

Explanation for 2

Explanation for 3

Explanation for 4

Explanation for 5

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Explanation for 9

Explanation for 10

Explanation for 11

Explanation for 12

Task 4. Translate the part underlined into English. (5 points)


1. Бессмысленно оставаться here any longer. No good will come of it. (Use “it”)
Translation:

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2. Неудивительно that your translation doesn’t sound correct. You should consult English-English dictionaries more often.
Translation:

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3. Мало надежды that he will come – it’s already too late.
Translation:

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4. Именно с тобой I need to speak about the matter.
Translation:

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5. Должно быть очевидно that money does not grow on trees!
Translation:

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