We often use must to express an obligation imposed by the speaker: Must is commonly used for the following situations: • To give a strong personal opinion: I believe people must vote at elections. • To impose an obligation on oneself: I really must lose some weight. To give instructions: The electricity must always be switched off before repairs are attempted. •We use must for something that we believe to be true because of evidence: This must be the place - it's the only restaurant in the street. •We use must have + past participle to express a logical deduction about the past: There was a terrific noise last night. It must have been an explosion.
His German is very poor. He must ...very hard.
study
be studying
have studied
His German is very good, he must ... very hard
study
be studying
have studied
He must ...German these two years, his German is rather rich and fluent.
study
be studying
have been studying
She must ... a bath at that moment that's why she did not answer your call
have taken
be taking
have been taking
She must ...at home now, we saw her leaving the office
be
be being
have been
He knows they are coming. They must ...to him of their arrival in due time