Task 1. Choose the right variant.

1. Clare who I work with is doing the London marathon this year.
Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.

2. He ran out of money, so had to stop playing poker.
He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker.

3. I think anyone who speaks in public is nervous beforehand.
I think anyone speaks in public is nervous beforehand.

4. She didn't cheat on the test for it was not the right thing to do.
She didn't cheat on the test, for it was not the right thing to do.

5. No sooner had we started cooking than there was a power cut and we had no electricity.
No sooner had we started cooking as there was a power cut and we had no electricity.

6. Allen, that scored three goals in the first game, was the only player to perform well.
Allen, who scored three goals in the first game, was the only player to perform well.

7. Once I will pass all my exams, I'll be fully qualified.
Once I pass all my exams, I'll be fully qualified.

8. Since there is no help, let us try and bear it as best we can.
Because there is no help, let us try and bear it as best we can.

9. I'm driving across the country with three small children, which is going to be stressful.
I'm driving across the country with three small children, that is going to be stressful.

10. Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.
Hardly had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.

Task 2. Combine the sentences by changing one of them into the type of clause indicated. Use the necessary link words.

1. He teaches a class of students. Their native language is not English. (attributive clause)
He teaches a class of students .

2. She gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid. (attributive clause)
She gave several reasons .

3. I don't know. What should I do? (nominal object clause)
I don't know .

4. She doesn't understand spoken English. That is obvious. (nominal subject clause)
is obvious.

5. John's glasses broke yesterday. He was playing basketball during that time. (adverbial clause of time)
John's glasses broke yesterday .

6. The Civil War has ended. A new government is being formed. (adverbial clause of time)
, a new government is being formed.

7. They ran to the spot. They had hidden the money there. (attributive clause)
They ran to the spot .

8. She likes to play volleyball. Her favourite sport is tennis. (adverbial clause of concession)
, her favourite sport is tennis.

9. He had been wanting to say all this for years. It seemed so. (nominal predicative clause)
It seemed .

10. I took a nap for 15 minutes. I was really tired. (adverbial clause of cause)
, I took a nap for 15 minutes.

11. It takes me about an hour to get to work. It is not so bad in a big city. (attributive clause)
It takes me about an hour to get to work, .

12. I hoped to see you again. It is the only reason for my coming. (nominal predicative clause)
The only reason for my coming is .

13. They were so poor. They couldn't make both ends meet. (adverbial clause of result)
They were so poor .

14. Why shouldn't we do so? We see no reason. (attributive appositive clause)
I see no reason .

15. I won't be able to borrow any more money. First I need to pay off some of my previous debts. (adverbial clause of condition)
I won't be able to borrow any more money .

Task 3. Match the underlined clauses in the extract from Edgar Lee Masters' ‘Spoon River Anthology' with their types given below.

I have studied many times The marble which was chiseled for me – A boat with a furled sail at rest in a harbor. In truth it pictures not my destination But my life.
For love was offered me
and I shrank from its disillusionment; Sorrow knocked at my door,
but I was afraid;
Ambition called to me, but I dreaded the chances. Yet all the while I hungered for meaning in my life. And now I know
that we must lift the sail And catch the winds of destiny
Wherever they drive the boat. To put meaning in one's life may end in madness,
But life without meaning is the torture Of restlessness and vague desire – It is a boat longing for the sea and yet afraid.

a coordinate clause joined by the adversative conjunction but expressing contrast
a coordinate clause
an attributive defining clause joined by the relative pronoun which
a coordinate clause joined by the copulative conjunction and
a nominal object clause joined by the conjunction that
a coordinate clause joined by the causative conjunction for expressing a reason
a coordinate clause joined by the adversative conjunction but expressing opposition
an adverbial clause of place joined by the conjunction wherever

Task 4. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate means of connection in the box. Each of them can be used only once.

nevertheless, hence, however, so that, whatever, whenever, whether, although, once, provided that, whereas, that, unless, while, otherwise

1. A snake has no ears; , its tongue is extremely sensitive to sound vibrations.
2. I won't come David and Peter come, too.
3. He bought it it was more than he could really afford.
4. I'm not really interested in history, , the lecture was quite interesting.
5. She was so upset she burst into tears.
6. you do, James, don't mention the party. It's a secret.
7. most substances shrink when they are cooled, water actually expands.
8. I don't care she comes to the party or not.
9. He put on his glasses he could see the board better.
10. I'll lend you the money you pay me back soon.
11. You'd better work on improving your pronunciation; , you'll fail the speaking test.
12. she was settled in the seat, he shut the door and walked around the car to the driver's side.
13. She used to cry she heard the song her ex-husband used to sing to her.
14. Some people like classical music, others prefer pop music.
15. Our production costs have increased, our prices have gone up as well.

Task 5. Translate the underlined parts into English. Remember to use commas if necessary.

1. It is amazing I can walk учитывая, что an hour ago I couldn't move.
2. His brother который работает в супермаркете is a friend of mine.
3. This is urgent теперь, когда the new Constitution is in force.
4. This is the book заглавие которой I couldn't remember.
5. Ни Лиза, ни Елена не были to Italy before.
6. Как распродастся книга depends on its plot and the author.
7. Everybody worked really hard and helped tidy up at the end чего я никак не ожидал .
8. Беда в том, что you are not willing to understand me.
9. То, что мальчик не мог ответить на мой вопрос, puzzled me.
10. I wasn't at the theatre with them, да и не хотел там быть .

Correct answers	Mark
58–56	10
55–53	9
52–50	8
49–45	7
44–39	6
38–31	5
32–29	4
28–24	3
23–18	2
under 18 points gained	1

TEST 12

The Composite Sentence